In
excavation works, the presence of groundwater in higher levels, makes the process very complicated.
Generally, it is found more practical to lower the groundwater level far enough
to make the excavation and other execution works easier. This is done in several
ways depending on the original groundwater level, soil properties, importance of
the structure and the length of the subsurface construction period.
·dewatering
·freezing
·electro-osmosis
·grouting
·compressed
air
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